4 gennaio 2024 - VI RACCONTO L'EXTRA DIEGESI DI TAM O' SHANTER

Questa è una delle poesie più famose di Robert e si dice che tra tutte le sue opere questa fosse la sua preferita. Robert scrisse questa poesia per Frances Grose, che all'epoca era alla ricerca di luoghi interessanti da includere nel secondo volume del suo libro "The antiquities of Scotland". Durante una conversazione che Robert ebbe con Frances, questi gli chiese di includere un'immagine di Alloway Kirk. Frances acconsentì, a patto che Robert gli desse qualcosa da stampare accanto ad essa. Robert scrisse a Frances nel giugno 1790 e allegò tre diverse storie associate ad Alloway Kirk. La seconda storia era la base di "Tam O' Shanter". Si trattava di un vecchio racconto popolare che aveva sentito da ragazzo, probabilmente raccontato dalla madre o dalla zia (Betty Davidson), che parlava di un contadino dell'Ayrshire a cui piaceva rimanere a bere fino a tardi nei giorni di mercato e che si metteva sempre nei guai tornando a casa. Robert utilizzò questa leggenda locale come punto di partenza e da lì creò la storia che oggi conosciamo e amiamo. Questa storia ha molto da raccontare! Ha umorismo, orrore, commenti sociali, bevute, personaggi colorati e streghe danzanti. Tuttavia, si tratta di un racconto ammonitore, ricordatevi di Tam O' Shanters mare...

Questa poesia fu pubblicata per la prima volta nell'"Edinburgh Magazine" nel marzo 1791. Fu pubblicata anche un mese dopo nel libro di Francis Grose "The Antiquities of Scotland", secondo volume. Secondo lo scrittore scozzese John Gibson Lockhart, Robert scrisse questa poesia in un solo giorno. La leggenda dell'Ayrshire che ha ispirato Tam O Shanter potrebbe essere basata su una persona reale, Douglas Graham di Shanter Farm, Carrick. Egli riforniva di orzo la locanda di suo cugino. Sfortunatamente, spesso si sedeva nella locanda con il suo buon amico, John Davidson, e beveva il denaro ricavato dalla vendita dell'orzo. Si ritiene che una sera, tornando a casa, abbia perso il suo cappellino, nella cui fodera c'era l'incasso della giornata al mercato. Per coprire questa perdita, raccontò alla moglie di aver visto delle streghe nella Kirk e che lo avevano inseguito. Le disse che era riuscito a scappare dal torrente, ma che nel frattempo aveva perso la cuffia e la coda del cavallo. Il Tam O Shanter è il nome dato a un cappello di lana a corona piatta con un pon-pon.

When chapman billies leave the street,

And drouthy neebors, neebors meet,As market-days are wearing late,An’ folk begin to tak the gate;While we sit bousing at the nappy,And getting fou and unco’ happy,We think na on the lang Scots miles,The mosses, waters, slaps and styles,That lie between us and our hame,Whare sits our sulky sullen dame,Gathering her brows like gathering storm,Nursing her wrath to keep it warm.

This truth fand honest Tam o’ Shanter,As he frae Ayr ae night did canter,(Auld Ayr, wham ne’er a town surpasses,For honest men and bonny lasses.)

O Tam! hadst thou but been sae wise,As ta’en thy ain wife Kate’s advice!She taul thee weel thou was a skellum,A blethering, blustering, drunken blellum;That frae November till October,Ae market-day thou was nae sober;

That ilka melder, wi’ the miller,Thou sat as lang as thou had siller;That every naig was ca’d a shoe on,The smith and thee gat roaring fou on;That at the L—d’s house, even on Sunday,Thou drank wi’ Kirkton Jean till Monday.She prophesied that late or soon,Thou would be found deep drown’d in Doon;Or catch’d wi’ warlocks in the mirk,By Alloway’s auld haunted kirk.

Ah, gentle dames! it gars me greet,To think how mony counsels sweet,How mony lengthen’d sage advices,The husband frae the wife despises!

But to our tale: Ae market-night,Tam had got planted unco right;Fast by an ingle, bleezing finely,Wi’ reaming swats, that drank divinely;And at his elbow, Souter Johnny,His ancient, trusty, drouthy crony;Tam lo’ed him like a vera brither;They had been fou for weeks thegither.The night drave on wi’ sangs and clatter;And ay the ale was growing better:The landlady and Tam grew gracious,Wi’ favours, secret, sweet, and precious:The Souter tauld his queerest stories;The landlord’s laugh was ready chorus:The storm without might rair and rustle,Tam did na mind the storm a whistle.

Care, mad to see a man sae happy,E’en drown’d himsel amang the nappy:As bees flee hame wi’ lades o’ treasure,The minutes wing’d their way wi’ pleasure;Kings may be blest, but Tam was glorious,O’er a’ the ills o’ life victorious!

But pleasures are like poppies spread,You seize the flower, its bloom is shed;Or like the snow falls in the river,A moment white—then melts for ever;Or like the borealis race,That flit ere you can point their place;Or like the rainbow’s lovely formEvanishing amid the storm.—Nae man can tether time or tide;The hour approaches Tam maun ride;That hour, o’ night’s black arch the key-stane,That dreary hour he mounts his beast in;And sic a night he taks the road in,As ne’er poor sinner was abroad in.

The wind blew as ’twad blawn its last;The rattling showers rose on the blast;The speedy gleams the darkness swallow’d;Loud, deep, and lang, the thunder bellow’d:That night, a child might understand,The Deil had business on his hand.

Weel mounted on his gray mare, Meg,A better never lifted leg,Tam skelpit on thro’ dub and mire,Despising wind, and rain, and fire;Whiles holding fast his gude blue bonnet;Whiles crooning o’er some auld Scots sonnet;Whiles glowring round wi’ prudent cares,Lest bogles catch him unawares:Kirk-Alloway was drawing nigh,Whare ghaists and houlets nightly cry.—

By this time he was cross the ford,Whare, in the snaw, the chapman smoor’d;And past the birks and meikle stane,Whare drunken Charlie brak’s neck-bane;And thro’ the whins, and by the cairn,Whare hunters fand the murder’d bairn;And near the thorn, aboon the well,Whare Mungo’s mither hang’d hersel.—Before him Doon pours all his floods;The doubling storm roars thro’ the woods;The lightnings flash from pole to pole;Near and more near the thunders roll:When, glimmering thro’ the groaning trees,Kirk-Alloway seem’d in a bleeze;Thro’ ilka bore the beams were glancing;And loud resounded mirth and dancing.—

Inspiring bold John Barleycorn!What dangers thou canst make us scorn!Wi’ tippeny, we fear nae evil;Wi’ usquabae, we’ll face the devil!—The swats sae ream’d in Tammie’s noddle,Fair play, he car’d na deils a boddle.But Maggie stood right sair astonish’d,Till, by the heel and hand admonish’d,She ventured forward on the light;And, vow! Tam saw an unco sight!Warlocks and witches in a dance;Nae cotillion brent new frae France,But hornpipes, jigs, strathspeys, and reels,Put life and mettle in their heels.A winnock-bunker in the east,There sat auld Nick, in shape o’ beast;A towzie tyke, black, grim, and large,To gie them music was his charge:He screw’d the pipes and gart them skirl,Till roof and rafters a’ did dirl.—Coffins stood round, like open presses,That shaw’d the dead in their last dresses;And by some devilish cantraip slightEach in its cauld hand held a light.—By which heroic Tam was ableTo note upon the haly table,A murderer’s banes in gibbet airns;Twa span-lang, wee, unchristen’d bairns;A thief, new-cutted frae a rape,Wi’ his last gasp his gab did gape;Five tomahawks, wi’ blude red-rusted;Five scymitars, wi’ murder crusted;A garter, which a babe had strangled;A knife, a father’s throat had mangled,Whom his ain son o’ life bereft,The grey hairs yet stack to the heft;Wi’ mair o’ horrible and awefu’,Which even to name wad be unlawfu’.

As Tammie glowr’d, amaz’d, and curious,The mirth and fun grew fast and furious:The piper loud and louder blew;The dancers quick and quicker flew;They reel’d, they set, they cross’d, they cleekit,Till ilka carlin swat and reekit,And coost her duddies to the wark,And linket at it in her sark!

Now, Tam, O Tam! had thae been queans,A’ plump and strapping in their teens,Their sarks, instead o’ creeshie flannen,Been snaw-white seventeen hunder linnen!Thir breeks o’ mine, my only pair,That ance were plush, o’ gude blue hair,I wad hae gi’en them off my hurdies,For ae blink o’ the bonie burdies!

But wither’d beldams, auld and droll,Rigwoodie hags wad spean a foal,Lowping and flinging on a crummock,I wonder didna turn thy stomach.

But Tam kend what was what fu’ brawlie,There was ae winsome wench and wawlie,That night enlisted in the core,(Lang after kend on Carrick shore;For mony a beast to dead she shot,And perish’d mony a bony boat,And shook baith meikle corn and bear,And kept the country-side in fear:)Her cutty sark, o’ Paisley harn,That while a lassie she had worn,In longitude tho’ sorely scanty,It was her best, and she was vauntie.—Ah! little kend thy reverend grannie,That sark she coft for her wee Nannie,Wi’ twa pund Scots, (’twas a’ her riches),Wad ever grac’d a dance of witches!

But here my Muse her wing maun cour;Sic flights are far beyond her pow’r;To sing how Nannie lap and flang,(A souple jade she was, and strang),And how Tam stood, like ane bewitch’d,And thought his very een enrich’d;Even Satan glowr’d, and fidg’d fu’ fain,And hotch’d an blew wi’ might and main:Till first ae caper, syne anither,Tam tint his reason a’ thegither,And roars out, ‘Weel done, Cutty-sark!’And in an instant all was dark:And scarcely had he Maggie rallied.When out the hellish legion sallied.

As bees bizz out wi’ angry fyke,When plundering herds assail their byke;As open pussie’s mortal foes,When, pop! she starts before their nose;As eager runs the market-crowd,When ‘Catch the thief!’ resounds aloud;So Maggie runs, the witches follow,Wi’ mony an eldritch skreech and hollow.

Ah, Tam! Ah, Tam! thou’ll get thy fairin!In hell they’ll roast thee like a herrin!In vain thy Kate awaits thy comin!Kate soon will be a woefu’ woman!Now, do thy speedy utmost, Meg,And win the key-stane of the brig;There at them thou thy tail may toss,A running stream they dare na cross.But ere the key-stane she could make,The fient a tail she had to shake!For Nannie, far before the rest,Hard upon noble Maggie prest,And flew at Tam wi’ furious ettle;But little wist she Maggie’s mettle—Ae spring brought off her master hale,But left behind her ain gray tail:The carlin claught her by the rump,And left poor Maggie scarce a stump.

Now, wha this tale o’ truth shall read,Ilk man and mother’s son, take heed:Whene’er to drink you are inclin’d,Or cutty-sarks run in your mind,Think, ye may buy the joys o’er dear,Remember Tam o’ Shanter’s mare.